Understanding Jaw Crusher Machine Parts

Jaw crushers are one of the most widely used crushers in mining, construction, and demolition industries. They are designed to reduce large rocks into smaller, more manageable sizes. The efficiency and longevity of a jaw crusher depend on the quality and functionality of its parts. In this article, we will explore the different jaw crusher machine parts, their functions, and their roles in the overall operation of the crusher.

 

 

Key Jaw Crusher Parts and Their Functions

 

Jaw Plates (Swing and Fixed)

 

1. The jaw platesare the most important parts of a jaw crusher. They consist of two plates: the fixed jaw plate and the swing jaw plate. The fixed jaw plate is mounted on the stationary part of the machine, while the swing jaw plate moves back and forth. As the material is fed into the crusher, the swing jaw moves toward the fixed jaw, crushing the material between the two plates.
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3. Function:Jaw plates are essential for breaking down materials by providing the crushing surface that applies pressure on the material.
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Pitman

 

1. The pitmanis a crucial part of the jaw crusher's operation. It is the main driving force behind the crusher’s movement. The pitman is typically made of cast steel and is responsible for transmitting the force from the motor to the flywheel, which is then transferred to the jaw plate.

 

1. Function:The pitman absorbs and transmits the energy produced by the crusher’s motor to the jaws, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.

 

Flywheel

 

1. The flywheelis a large, heavy wheel attached to the shaft of the crusher. It serves several purposes, including maintaining the machine’s inertia and providing a balanced load for smooth operation. The flywheel stores energy and helps maintain a steady rotational speed, even when the load varies.

 

1. Function:Flywheels ensure that the jaw crusher operates consistently, balancing the energy needed for crushing and the energy needed for the machine to return to its starting position.
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Eccentric Shaft

 

1. The eccentric shaftis located at the top of the jaw crusher and plays a key role in the movement of the swing jaw. It is connected to the pitman and the flywheel, and it drives the swing jaw’s oscillation, enabling the material to be crushed.

 

1. Function:The eccentric shaft converts rotary motion into the reciprocating motion that is required for the crushing process.

 

Toggle Plates

 

1. The toggle platesare located on either side of the jaw crusher and are used to absorb shock and prevent damage to other parts of the machine. They are typically made from cast steel and are designed to provide a cushion effect during the crushing process.

 

1. Function:Toggle plates act as a safety feature, ensuring that the machine’s other parts are protected from the high impact of the crushing process.

 

Toggle Seats

 

1. The toggle seatsare located at the top and bottom of the toggle plate. These parts are designed to support and hold the toggle plates in place during operation. Toggle seats are made from durable materials that can withstand the pressures and impacts generated during the crushing process.

 

1. Function:They support and stabilize the toggle plate, ensuring that the crushing process is carried out smoothly and without excessive wear.

 

Jaw Crusher Adjustment Mechanism

 

1. The adjustment mechanismis responsible for adjusting the size of the discharge opening, allowing for control over the size of the crushed material. This mechanism can be hydraulic or manual, depending on the design of the jaw crusher.

 

1. Function:By adjusting the discharge opening, operators can change the output size of the material, allowing the machine to meet the specific needs of a project.

 

Bearings

 

1. Bearingsare located on the shaft and pitman to ensure smooth and continuous motion. They are critical components that bear the loads and stresses from the crushing process.

 

1. Function:Bearings reduce friction, allowing the jaw crusher to operate smoothly and reducing the risk of overheating or wear.

 

Jaw Crusher Frame

 

1. The frameis the base structure of the jaw crusher, and it is typically made of cast iron or steel. It is designed to support all the components of the crusher, including the jaws, pitman, and flywheel.

 

1. Function:The frame provides the structural integrity required for the crusher’s operation. It also absorbs the forces generated during the crushing process, helping to prevent machine failure.

 

V-Belt

 

• The V-beltconnects the motor to the flywheel and transmits the power required for the operation of the crusher.

 

• Function:The V-belt provides the necessary force to drive the flywheel and move the pitman and jaw plates, ensuring continuous operation.

 

Universal Jaw Crusher Parts

 

The universal jaw crusher is a specific type of jaw crusher that features a versatile design and a wide range of applications. These crushers are often used in primary crushing operations due to their simplicity and efficiency. Common parts of the universal jaw crusher include:

1. Universal Jaw Plates– These are designed to provide a wide crushing surface for various material types.

2. Universal Pitman– The design of the pitman allows it to work effectively under heavy loads, even during the most demanding crushing tasks.

3. Universal Flywheel– Similar to other types of jaw crushers, the flywheel in the universal design helps maintain inertia and balance during operation.

4. Universal Eccentric Shaft and Bearings– These components work together to ensure smooth movement and reduce wear.

 

Adjusting the Jaw Crusher

 

Adjusting the jaw crusher allows operators to control the size of the material being crushed. There are two primary methods of adjustment:

 

1. Hydraulic Adjustment– This method uses hydraulic cylinders to adjust the jaw gap. Hydraulic jaw crushers offer precise control over the output size and are easier to adjust during operation.

2. Manual Adjustment– In some older models, manual screws or shims are used to change the size of the discharge opening.

 

Understanding the parts of a jaw crusher machine and their functions is essential for maximizing the efficiency and lifespan of the machine. Regular maintenance and inspection of these parts, such as the jaw plates, pitman, flywheel, and eccentric shaft, can ensure that the crusher continues to operate smoothly and efficiently. Whether you're using a universal jaw crusher or a standard jaw crusher, the key components work together to reduce materials to the required size, making them a vital part of many industrial processes.