2. Mentality: the buyer has to prepare goods in advance, and the new order price is slightly less willing to purchase in bulk; Because the seller's inventory is small, the manufacturer has no willingness to reduce the price of sales.Trend: The load of titanium dioxide enterprises is stable, the willingness to ship at low prices is not strong, and the downstream buyers place orders in the early stage to establish inventory, and the short-term supplementary orders after the holiday are less. Anatase titanium dioxide due to the overall volume of the market supply side is less, the space for quotation negotiation is small, and the focus of new orders will move up. It is expected that the titanium dioxide market today just needs to be closed, and the market trading atmosphere is relatively light.

As mentioned above, these oxide NPs are harmful in part because both anatase and rutile forms are semiconductors and produce ROS. Particularly, P25 kind has band-gap energies estimated of 3.2 and 3.0 eV, equivalent to radiation wavelengths of approximately 388 and 414 nm, respectively. Irradiation at these wavelengths or below produces a separation of charge, resulting in a hole in the valence band and a free electron in the conduction band, due to the electron movement from the valence to conduction bands. These hole–electron pairs generate ROS when they interact with H₂O or O₂ [43,44]. It was described that they can cause an increase in ROS levels after exposure to UV-visible light [45]. The NBT assay in the studied samples showed that bare P25TiO₂NPs produce a large amount of ROS, which is drastically reduced by functionalization with vitamin B2 (Fig. 5). This vitamin, also known as riboflavin, was discovered in 1872 as a yellow fluorescent pigment, [46] but its function as an essential vitamin for humans was established more than sixty years later, and its antioxidant capacity was not studied until the end of the XX century [47,48]. This antioxidant role in cells is partially explained because the glutathione reductase enzyme (GR) requires it for good functionality. This enzyme is the one in charge of the conversion of oxidized glutathione to its reduced form which acts as a powerful inner antioxidant and can quench the ROS [49,50]. The cost of this action is that the glutathione is converted to the oxidized form and needs to be recovered by the GR. Consequently, the cells need more vitamin B2. Another glutathione action is the protection against hydroperoxide. This activity is also mediated by riboflavin. Therefore, local delivery of this vitamin seems to significantly help the cells in their fight to keep the oxidative balance, once they are exposed to high levels of ROS.

Barium sulfide is produced by carbothermic reduction of barium sulfate. Zinc sulfate is obtained from a variety of zinc products, often waste, by treatment with sulfuric acid.

For years scientists have raised concerns about the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide. 

When E171 is part of a food product, it passes through the digestive system without causing harm because E171 combines with the other ingredients.