So, if bell peppers are in the same scientific classification as cayenne chili pepper, why aren't bell peppers hot? It comes down to a chemical compound called capsaicin. This chemical is the sole reason why a jalapeño is spicy and bell pepper is not. A bell pepper has no capsaicin. Capsaicin attaches itself to the mucous membranes in our mouths which in turn send out the fiery sensation. That heat in your mouth (or hands) will vary greatly depending on what type of chili pepper you've eaten. Peppers are ranked by their heat, or the amount of capsaicin they contain, on a scale called the Scoville Scale. Their capsaicin concentration is given a number on the scale and it is called Scoville Heat Units. Bell peppers do not have capsaicin, so they have zero Scoville Heat Units, therefore they are way at the bottom of the Scoville scale. 

But did you know it requires heat to bring out its spicy flavor? It's why it's best to use it in recipes that require cooking.

If you are using a recipe that calls for powdered chili peppers of this kind, you can usually use cayenne pepper substitute without significantly changing the taste of the dish.

I highly advise that you gradually add the powdered or crushed red pepper flakes to your recipe. Start with one-third of a teaspoon for every teaspoon of paprika. Give it a taste to check the heat and spiciness, and add more when needed.

Making homemade cayenne powder is easy, but should always be done in a well-ventilated space, or ideally outdoors! We make tons of our own homemade cayenne powder every year, as it is a simple way to add heat to our cooking. For a more flavorful result, use your cayenne powder to make a tasty spice blend like shichimi togarashi.

It's important to note that while chili peppers offer potential health benefits, individual responses to spicy foods can vary. Some people may experience digestive discomfort or irritation from consuming chili peppers, particularly in large amounts. As with any dietary component, it's best to consume chili peppers in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Tip: If you’d like to reduce the heat, slit them open and remove the seeds because the seeds have the most heat in them. Mince the chillies or put them in the food processor. However, don’t make it a very fine paste. Keep it chunky for texture.

- Paprika oleoresin, on the other hand, is obtained through a solvent-based extraction process, where the essential oils, pigments, and flavors of paprika are extracted using a solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate. This method results in a concentrated extract with a higher content of the active compounds, including the characteristic color and flavor of paprika.

Most countries have their own variety of chili peppers, ranging from poblano, serrano, Tabasco, jalapeno, peri-peri, habanero, cayenne and numerous others. Originating in Mexico, the red chili made its way across the world and is used in many cuisines. Many varieties may also be used fresh and green or red or pickled instead of dried and powdered.

It's important to note that individual tolerance to spiciness can vary, so what one person finds extremely spicy, another person might find tolerable. When cooking with chili peppers, it's important to consider the heat level of the specific variety being used and adjust the amount accordingly to achieve the desired level of spiciness in a dish.