- Ralston, O.C. (1921). Electrolytic Deposition and Hydrometallurgy of Zinc. New York: McGraw Hill..
- In conclusion, these five companies are among the top TiO2 white manufacturers in the world, each offering a unique combination of product offerings, production capacity, and commitment to sustainability. As the demand for TiO2 continues to grow, these companies will play a crucial role in meeting the needs of various industries while also working towards a more sustainable future.
≥ 5 % of standard sample
The prices in India settled at 2888 USD/MT in September, indicating a decrease. Throughout the quarter, demand in India varied in a limited range, particularly in the latter half of September as a result of the second round of lockdown in numerous sections of the nation.
While Skittles don't include white in their line-up, Dr. Johnson-Arbor theorizes that titanium dioxide is used to help contain all the other beautiful colors.
So if you’re worried about titanium dioxide, don’t be! With current research and industry recommendations, titanium dioxide is a safe food additive. And if you want to avoid it, that’s ok too! Just don’t expect certain foods to be so white, smooth, and bright.
After conducting a review of all the relevant available scientific evidence, EFSA concluded that a concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles cannot be ruled out. Based on this concern, EFSA’s experts no longer consider titanium dioxide safe when used as a food additive. This means that an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI ) cannot be established for E171.
Titanium dioxide, (TiO2), a white, opaque, naturally occurring mineral existing in a number of crystalline forms, the most important of which are rutile and anatase. These naturally occurring oxide forms can be mined and serve as a source for commercial titanium. Titanium dioxide is odourless and absorbent. Its most important function in powder form is as a widely used pigment for lending whiteness and opacity.
A 2023 study published in the journal Environmental Research, scientists examined the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on important gut bacteria in mice. Their results showed “the growth inhibitory effects could be associated with cell membrane damage caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles to the bacterial strains. Metabolomics analysis showed that TiO2 NPs caused alterations in multiple metabolic pathways of gut bacteria, such as tryptophan and arginine metabolism, which were demonstrated to play crucial roles in regulating gut and host health.” The researchers also found that four different neuroprotective metabolites “were significantly reduced” in urine and in vitro bacteria and vivo urine samples. The researchers concluded: “Increasing evidence implies that the gut microbiome plays a profound role in regulating host metabolism. Our results illustrated that TiO2 NPs hindered the growth of four beneficial gut bacterial strains.”

From dyes to flavorings, many people are becoming increasingly aware of the ingredients in their food.
6. What happens next?
In 2019, EFSA published a statement on the review of the risk related to the exposure to food additive titanium dioxide (E171) performed by the French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES). In its statement, EFSA highlighted that the ANSES opinion reiterated the uncertainties and data gaps previously identified by EFSA and did not present findings that invalidated the Authority’s previous conclusions on the safety of titanium dioxide.
Promotion of noncancerous tumors
Hebei Caiqing Material Technology Co., Ltd. was established in 2005 and has been at the forefront of chemical product research and development. Focusing on the field of titanium dioxide, the company has played a vital role in meeting global demand, providing personalized customization services to global customers. With the continuous expansion of the titanium dioxide market, Hebei Caiqing Material Technology Co., Ltd. is ready to meet the industry's growing demand in terms of production and service.
There are two primary forms of titanium dioxide commercially available: anatase and rutile. The rutile form is typically used in sunscreens due to its superior ability to handle UV rays and stability in the presence of UV light. The anatase form is typically used in other types of products, such as paint. Another plus of the rutile form is that its UVA protection extends past 400 nanometers, which is the upper limit of UVA.
6.0-8.0
Alterations in gut microbiota
Polyvinyl Butyral Resin (PVB) is a solvent Resin synthesized by the acetal reaction of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and butyraldehyde in contact with coal.
Because Pvb Resin itself contains a lot of hydroxyl groups, it can bridge with some thermosetting resins to improve the properties of chemicals and film hardness.
Because PVB resin has the above excellent characteristics, it is widely used in adhesive safety glass intermediate film of automobile and building, rust cutting primer, baking paint, wood paint, printing ink, adhesive of electronic ceramics and printed circuit board, adhesive between metal and metal, between metal and plastic, modifier of hot-melt adhesive, iron dimension waterproof processing of textile, etc. A variety of new industrial applications are also continuously developed and applied.
The general characteristics of PVB are as follows:
The appearance of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin is white spherical porous particles or powder, and its specific gravity is 1:1; However, the filling density is only 0.20 ~ 0.35g/ml.
Thermal properties
The glass transfer temperature (TG) of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin ranges from 50 ℃ of low degree of recombination to 90 ℃ of high degree of recombination; The glass transfer temperature can also be adjusted by adding an appropriate amount of Plasticizer to reduce it below 10 ℃.
Mechanical properties
The coating of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin has good water resistance, water resistance and oil resistance (it is resistant to aliphatic, mineral, animal and vegetable oils, but not to sesame oil). PVB is widely used in printing inks and coatings because it contains high hydroxyl groups and has good dispersibility to pigments.
In addition, its chemical structure contains both hydrophobic acetal and acetic ACID groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, so PVB has good adhesion to glass, metal, plastic, leather and wood.
Chemical reaction
Any chemical that can react with secondary alcohol will also react with PVB. Therefore, in many applications of PVB, it is often used with thermosetting resin to bridge and harden with the hydroxyl group of PVB, so as to achieve the characteristics of chemical resistance, solvent resistance and water resistance.
Of course, films with different characteristics (such as hardness, toughness, impact resistance, etc.) can be prepared according to different types of thermosetting resin and different mixing ratio with PVB.
Safety properties
According to Procurement Resource, the prices of titanium dioxide are expected to showcase mixed sentiments. With trade and supply-chain normalization, the automotive and construction sectors are estimated to improve their global performance, thus affecting the prices positively.
Titanium dioxide has similar uses in non-food products. It is used in sunscreen as effective protection against UVA/UVB rays from the sun, which creates a physical barrier between the sun’s rays and the skin. It’s also used to whiten paint, paper, plastic, ink, rubber, and cosmetics.
For a mini-review published in the journal Particle and Fibre Technology in 2021, scientists wanted to evaluate whether Ti02 particles contributed to the development and/or exacerbation of irritable bowel disease, and whether they altered the four elements of intestinal barrier function: the intestinal microbiota, the immune system, the mucus layer, and the epithelium. The breakdown of these four elements can contribute to autoimmune, neurological, inflammatory, infectious, and metabolic diseases. Following their review, the researchers concluded: “Data indicate that TiO2 is able to alter the four compartments of IBF and to induce a low-grade intestinal inflammation associated or not with pre-neoplastic lesions.”