- Refractory material to improve strength and durability
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
- The production process of lithopone involves several steps, including mining, sulfuric acid leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Raw materials such as zinc sulfide ore and sulfuric acid are used to produce lithopone powder. The final product is then transported to customers around the world through a network of logistics providers.
- In addition to environmental considerations, the presence of titanium dioxide in water also has implications in water treatment and purification. TiO2's photocatalytic properties make it a promising material for water purification, especially in removing organic pollutants and heavy metals. Researchers in China are actively studying the potential of TiO2-based photocatalysts for water remediation, contributing to the global efforts in clean water solutions.
This route affords a product that is 29.4 wt % ZnS and 70.6 wt % BaSO4. Variations exist, for example, more ZnS-rich materials are produced when zinc chloride is added to the mixture of zinc sulfate and barium sulfide.
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It’s particularly useful in sunscreen as it has impressive UV resistance and helps block the sun’s UVA and UVB rays from reaching your skin (6Trusted Source).
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2. Improved Aesthetics Titanium dioxide serves as a highly effective white pigment, providing tires with a bright and appealing finish. While the traditional black color of tires is often associated with carbon black, incorporating TiO2 can offer design flexibility and aesthetic value without compromising performance.
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Separately, concerns have been raised about titanium dioxide impacting one's genetic code. This can be traced to a 2009 study which found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles caused DNA damage and genetic instability in mice. A 2022 study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology also raised concerns about the DNA-damaging effects of titanium dioxide as a food additive. The study noted that results evidenced a DNA-damaging effect, and added that there may also be impacts to chromosomal integrity, an indicator of cancer risk.
The author thanks Marco Leona, Scientist-in-Charge of the Department of Scientific Research at the Metropolitan Museum of Art for conducting fluorescence spectrometry on Wheel of Fortune and a valuable discussion of the research, as well as Silvia Centeno, Research Scientist at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, who performed Raman analysis on the watercolors and also contributed her insight. The phenomenon of the phosphorescing lithopone was originally discovered during the author's fellowship in the Sherman Fairchild Center for the Conservation of Works on Paper, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The author thanks all her colleagues for their ideas and support during the research of this paper, and special thanks to Rachel Mustalish for her assistance in editing this work.

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Neutral White, 26 per cent zinc sulphide, 66 per cent barium sulphate, 5 per cent infusorial earth, 3 per cent whiting.
Titanium dioxide is used in a wide range of food products and consumer goods – from candy to sunscreen and house paint. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration maintains that the regulated use of titanium dioxide, specifically as a color additive in food, is safe under some restrictions.