In its 2016 opinion, the ANS Panel recommended new studies be carried out to fill the gaps on possible effects on the reproductive system, which could enable them to set an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI ). Uncertainty around the characterisation of the material used as the food additive (E 171) was also highlighted, in particular with respect to particle size and particle size distribution of titanium dioxide used as E 171.
- Resistant
Resistance to heat, light and weathering prevents degradation of paint and in films and embrittlement of plastics.- Resistant
A review published in 2022 in the journal NanoImpact evaluated the latest research related to genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide through in vivo studies and in vitro cell tests. Researchers summarized the results by stating TiO2 nanoparticles “could induce genotoxicity prior to cytotoxicity,” and “are likely to be genotoxic to humans.”
- cis-5-Dodecenyl acetate
- trans-5-Dodecenal
- TR 92 titanium dioxide is known for its exceptional whiteness, which is important for achieving vibrant and long-lasting colors in paints and coatings. Its high opacity ensures excellent coverage, allowing for fewer coats and reducing overall costs. Additionally, TR 92 titanium dioxide is resistant to fading and degradation from UV exposure, making it suitable for outdoor applications.
- In conclusion, titanium dioxide is an indispensable additive for plastic factories due to its multifaceted benefits. From protecting against UV damage to enhancing physical strength and improving aesthetic qualities, TiO2 plays a critical role in producing high-quality plastic products that meet the demands of modern industry and consumer expectations. As research continues to explore new applications and improvements in this field, the significance of titanium dioxide in plastic manufacturing is poised to grow even further.
This precipitate is not suitable for a pigment until it is filtered, dried, crushed, heated to a high temperature, and quenched in cold water. The second heating in a muffle furnace at 725 C produces crystals of the right optical size.
Notes on contributors
CSPI says it might reconsider its rating if specifications for food-grade titanium dioxide in the U.S. are updated to ensure nanoparticles are minimized, and new studies are conducted to assess its capacity to cause cancer or other health problems.
A 2023 study published in the journal Particle and Fibre Toxicology set out to examine the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice “on the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis,” by creating an ulcerative colitis disease model. Researchers found that the titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly increased the severity of colitis. They also “decreased the body weight, increased the disease activity index and colonic mucosa damage index scores, shortened the colonic length, increased the inflammatory infiltration in the colon.” Researchers concluded: “Oral intake of TiO2 nanoparticles could affect the course of acute colitis in exacerbating the development of ulcerative colitis, prolonging the ulcerative colitis course and inhibiting ulcerative colitis recovery.”
Production
It's also used in sunscreens as a UV filtering ingredient, helping to protect a person's skin by blocking absorption the ultraviolet light that can cause sunburn and cancer.
The trouble with titanium dioxide, by Siloam Springs Regional Hospital, Herald Leader, October 4, 2023
Overwhelmingly, research that’s relevant to human eating patterns shows us that E171 is safe when ingested normally through foods and drugs (1,2).
While IARC listed titanium dioxide as “possibly carcinogenic to humans,” they also add that “there is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of titanium dioxide.” Of the four human studies that they reviewed, only one showed a potential risk for occupational workers inhaling titanium dioxide particles and lung cancer, while the other three showed no risk for cancer at all. And it’s key to note that IARC did not assess the effects of titanium dioxide found in foods.
Macromolecular oxidation was detected in proteins by the colorimetric measurement of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) and in lipids by the colorimetric quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA). Standard curves were run with chloramine-T and 1,1,3,3 tetraethoxypropane (TEP) for AOPP and MDA methods, respectively [29], [30], [31]. Values were normalized to initial protein content in samples, measured with Bradford reagent [32]. The standard deviation of at least six measures was calculated and p-value < 0.05 were considered significant.
Titanium dioxide, also called titania, is an odorless white powder and naturally occurring mineral that is widely used as a pigment for its brightness and whitening effects on a variety of materials, such as paint, plastic, paper, cosmetics, sunscreens, toothpastes and foods.


For the First Quarter of 2022

Where It’s Hiding
Lithopone
Titanium Dioxide/TiO2/Titanium Oxide Free Sample
A 2016 review by the European Food Safety Authority concluded that titanium dioxide absorption is extremely low and any absorbed particles are mostly excreted through feces (17Trusted Source).